Josupeit, Christina

Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia; Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, TH Köln, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4722-7774

• Vol.20,No.4(2026) (Articles)

  Should I speak or should I go? Relationship closeness and descriptive norms on reactions to hate memes in private chat groups

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