‘Žít Brno’: Czech online political activism from jokes and tactics to politics and strategies

Vol.8,No.3(2014)
Special issue: New Media and Democracy

Abstract
The paper presents a case study of the Czech online activist group Žít Brno. The group that challenges local representatives and employs tactics of political satire, parody and culture jamming, evolved from a spontaneous one-off event to an ongoing political project and eventually became an institutionalized political actor. The case study, based on interviews with group members, content analysis of the project website, longitudinal observation of the group's activities and other additional material, enables us to research the limits and the potential of online tactics and the way online practices are intertwined with a more traditional repertoire of collective action. Building on debates about online political participation and the broadening concept of the political, we interpret the group's protest as a reaction to the crisis of institutionalized local politics and we discuss the actual role of new media in such a protest. The conclusion is that online protest and new media, despite their criticized action-less character, could enable a functional bridge to “real” politics but at the same time they do not play an exclusive role in successful protest politics and have to be interpreted within the context of a particular political action.

Keywords:
Online activism; political participation; culture jamming; electronic repertoire of contention
Author biographies

Alena Macková

Author photo Mgr. et Mgr. Alena Macková works as junior researcher at the International Institute of Political Science and the Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family at Masaryk University in Brno. She also contributes to a research project at the Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University in Prague. She is a PhD student of political science (Masaryk University) and her research focuses on new media and politics, especially on political communication and cyberactivism.

Jakub Macek

Author photo Mgr. Jakub Macek, Ph.D, is a senior researcher at the Institute on Research of Children, Youth and Family and an assistant professor in the Department of Media Studies and Journalism, both at Masaryk University. His research focuses on the sociology of new media. He currently works on a post-doctoral research project entitled “New and old media in everyday life: media audiences at the time of transforming media uses”. Full bio: http://is.muni.cz/osoba/14931?lang=en;setlang=en#cv
References

Allan, S., & Thorsen, E. (Eds.), (2009). Citizen journalism: Global perspectives. New York: Peter Lang Publishing.

Bakardjieva, M. (2009). Subactivism: Lifeworld and politics in the age of the Internet. The Information Society, 25, 91-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240802701627

Bal, A. S., Pitt, L., Berthon, P., & DesAutels, P. (2009). Caricatures, cartoons, spoofs and satires: Political brands as burs. Journal of Public Affairs, 9, 229-237. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.334

Baumgartner, J. C. (2007). Humor on the next frontier: Youth, online political humor and the JibJab effect. Social Science Computer Review, 25, 319-338. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439306295395

Beck, U. (1992 [1986]). Risk society: Towards a new modernity. London: Sage.

Beck, U. (1996). The reinvention of politics: Rethinking modernity in the global social order. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Bennett, L. W. (2003). New media power: The Internet and global activism. In N. Couldry & J. Curran (Eds.), Contesting media power (pp. 17-38). Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield.

Bentivegna, S. (2006). Rethinking politics in the world of ICTs. European Journal of Communication, 2, 331-343. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323106066638

Cammaerts, B. (2007). Jamming the political: Blond counter-hegemonic practices. Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 21, 71-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/10304310601103992

Carpentier, N. (2011). The concept of participation: If they have access and interact, do they really participate? časopis za upravljanje komuniciranjem / Communication Management Quarterly, 6(1), 13-36.

Černá, M. (2014, February 11). Žít Brno jde do voleb. "Magistrát vyřešil váhání za nás", říkají aktivisté [Žít Brno runs for elections. "The municipality brought an end to our hesitation," the activists say]. Lidovky.cz. Retrieved from: http://www.lidovky.cz/zit-brno-jde-do-voleb-...ln_domov_mc

Čilichilli. (2014). Trollové pod Petrovem [Trolls under Petrov]. Čilichilli, 2014(3). Retrieved from: http://cilichili.cz/2014/3-brno-jako-brno/tema/trollove-pod-petrovem/

Coleman, S., & Blumler, J. G. (2009). The Internet and democratic citizenship: Theory, practice and policy. Cambridge: University Press.

Dahlberg, L. (2001). Democracy via cyberspace: Mapping the rhetorics and practices of three prominent camps. New Media & Society, 3, 157-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614440122226038

Dahlgren, P. (2001). The transformation of democracy? In B. Axford & R. Hugins (Eds.), New media and politics (pp. 64-88). London: SAGE.

Dahlgren, P. (2005). The Internet, public spheres, and political communication: Dispersion and deliberation. Political Communication, 22, 147-162. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584600590933160

Dahlgren, P. (2013). The political web. Media, participation and alternative democracy. Palgrave Macmillan.

de Certeau, M. (1984). The practice of everyday life. Berkeley: University of California Press.

de Sola Pool, I. (1983). Technologies of freedom. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Feenberg, A., & Bakardjieva, M. (2004). Virtual community: No ‚killer implication‘. New Media & Society, 6, 37-43. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444804039904

Fenno, R. (1977). U.S. House Members in their constituencies: An exploration. American Political Science Review, 71, 883-917. https://doi.org/10.2307/1960097

Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Hiltz, S. R., & Turoff, M. (1993). The network nation: Human communication via computer. Cambridge: The MIT Press.

Holý, L. (2006). The little Czech and the great Czech nation: National identity and the post-communist social transformation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Jelečková, P. (2012). Online sociální sítě a politicky a sociálně motivované jednání [Online social networks and politically and socially motivated action]. (Unpublished diploma thesis). Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.

Kavanová, L. (2011, October 30). Žijí Brno naplno [They live Brno at full blast]. Respekt. Retrieved from: http://respekt.ihned.cz/c1-53436390-ziji-brno-naplno

Kellner, D. (1998). Intellectuals, the new public sphere, and techno-politics. In C. Toulouse & T. W. Luke (Eds.), The politics of cyberspace: A new political science reader (pp. 167-186). London: Routledge.

Lievrouw, L. (2011). Alternative and activist new media. Cambridge: Polity.

Linek, L. (2013). Kam se ztratili voliči? Vysvětlení vývoje volební účasti v České republice v letech 1990-2010 [Where have the voters gone? Explanation of the election turnout on the Czech Republic in 1990-2010]. Brno: CDK.

Macek, J. (2013). More than a desire for text: Online participation and the social curation of content. Convergence, 19, 295-302.

McAdam, D., Tarrow, S., & Tilly, Ch. (2001). Dynamics of contention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

McCaughey, M., & Ayers, M. D. (2003). Cyberactivism online activism in theory and practice. London: Routledge.

Morozov, E. (2011). Net delusion. The dark side of Internet freedom. New York: Public Affairs.

Papacharissi, Z. (2009). The virtual sphere 2.0: The Internet, the public sphere and beyond. In A. Chadwick & P. Howard (Eds.), Handbook of Internet politics (pp. 230-245). London: Routledge.

Papacharissi, Z. (2010). A private sphere: Democracy in a digital age. Cambridge: Polity.

Postmes, T., & Brunsting, S. (2002). Collective action in the age of Internet. Mass communication and online mobilization. Social Science Computer Review, 2, 290-301. https://doi.org/10.1177/089443930202000306

Rice, R. (1984). The new media. London: SAGE.

Rolfe, B. (2005). Building an electronic repertoire of contention. Social Movement Studies, 4, 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742830500051945

Rucht, D. (2007). The spread of protest politics. In R. Dalton & H. Klingemann (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of political behavior (pp. 708-723). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Taušová, Z. (2014, February 2). Pokyn k zablokování profilu Žít Brno jsem dal já, přiznal Onderka [I have ordered to block the profile of Žít Brno, admitted the mayor]. iDnes.cz. Retrieved from: http://brno.idnes.cz/onderka-o-cenzure-zit-brno-dcu-/brno-zpravy.aspx?c=A140214_191730_brno-zpravy_vez

Tilly, C. (1984). Social movements and national politics. In C. Bright & S. Harding (Eds.), Statemaking and social movements (pp. 297-317). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Urbanismus Brno. (2014, January 27). Ladislav Macek k webu mampripominky.cz Ladislav Macek reacts on web mampripominky.cz]. Retrieved from: http://www.urbanismusbrno.cz/domains/urbanismusbrno.cz/zpravy/261-vyjadreni-ladislava-macka-k-webu-mampripominkycz

Van Laer, J., & Van Aelst, P. (2010). Cyber-protest and civil society: The Internet and action repretoires in social movements. In Y. Jewkes & M. Yar (Eds.), Handbook of Internet crime (pp. 230-254). London: Willan Publishing.

Vegh, S., Ayers, M. D., & McCaughey, M. (2003). Classifying forms of online activism. In M. McCaughey & M. D. Ayers (Eds.), Cyberactivism: Online activism in theory and practice (pp. 71-96). London: Routledge.

Ward, S., & Gibson, R. (2009). European political organizations and the Internet. In A. Chadwick & P. N. Howard (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of Internet politics (pp. 25-39). London: Routledge.

Žít Brno. (n.d.). City Identity aneb vytváření značky pro Brno [City Identity, or brand creation for Brno]. Retrieved from: http://www.brno.cz/zitbrno/

Žít Brno. (2011, September 12). Brno mění své priority- Musí se kvůli tomu přejmenovat na Krno [Brno changes its priorities. So it has to be renamed Krno]. Retrieved from: http://www.zitbrno.cz/hlavni-clanek/brno-meni-sve-priority-musi-se-kvuli-tomu-prejmenovat

Žít Brno. (2011, September 22). Bořit a ničit: Úloha satiry ve svobodné společnosti [To break down and destroy: Role of satire in a free society] [Online lecture]. Retrieved from: http://inhd.cz/videos/184-zit-brno-borit-a-nicit-uloha-satiry-ve-svobodne-spolecnosti

Metrics

1799

Views

1923

HTML views